[360] Agriculture accounts for 18% of gross domestic product, although it employed some 70% of the workforce as of 2001. By 2000 about 12 million islanders lived in Oceania (excluding Australia), and many indigenous cultures were revolutionized by intensive contact with non-Oceanic groups who had intruded from various parts of the Western world. A population can . "[147], In Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands: A Comprehensive Guide (2013), George R. Zug claimed that "a standard definition of Oceania includes Australia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, and New Zealand and the oceanic islands of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia." [380] The Australian Defence Force is by far the largest military force in Oceania. [215], In 1789, the mutiny on the Bounty against William Bligh led to several of the mutineers escaping the Royal Navy and settling on Pitcairn Islands, which later became a British colony. [405] The first settlers introduced British food to the continent, much of which is now considered typical Australian food, such as the Sunday roast. [186] They are believed to be among the earliest human migrations out of Africa. [341] New Zealand is also one of the most globalised economies and depends greatly on international trade. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Germany established colonies in New Guinea in 1884, and Samoa in 1900. A decentralized chieftain-based system eventually evolved into a more centralized economic and religious culture centered on Yap and Pohnpei. 37 million. Population density (people per sq. They became known as the Chamorros. [96] Islands in marginal seas of the Pacific were also covered in the book, including Alaska's Pribilof Islands (located to the north of the Aleutian chain in the subarctic Bering Sea) and China's Hainan (located in the South China Sea). [121] The 2007 book Asia in the Pacific Islands: Replacing the West, by New Zealand Pacific scholar Ron Crocombe, defined the term "Pacific Islands" as being islands in the South Pacific Commission, and stated that such a definition "does not include Galpagos and other [oceanic] islands off the Pacific coast of the Americas; these were uninhabited when Europeans arrived, then integrated with a South American country and have almost no contact with other Pacific Islands." [383] Charles III is the King of New Zealand and the head of state. the United States population is equivalent to 4.25% of the total world population. [419] New Zealand yields produce from land and sea most crops and livestock, such as maize, potatoes and pigs, were gradually introduced by the early European settlers. [56][57] The Pacific Plate covers the Solomon Islands and parts of New Zealand, as well as Micronesia (excluding the westernmost islands near the Philippine Sea Plate) and Polynesia (excluding Easter Island). The Americas a. [381], New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy,[382] although its constitution is not codified. Teachers are encouraged to have their students use the Data Sheet for a variety of topics and activities. As recently as 33,000 years ago no human beings lived in the region, except in Australasia. Australia (59.82%) Papua New Guinea (20.67%) New Zealand (11.51%) Fiji (2.18%) Solomon Islands (1.48%) Vanuatu (0.70%) New Caledonia (0.69%) French Polynesia (0.69%) Other (2.26%) See also [ edit] List of Eurasian countries by population James, R.E., 1947. He is elected by Parliament of Fiji after nomination by the Prime Minister or the Leader of the Opposition, for a three-year term. cosmosmagazine.com - By any measure, Victoria has the highest COVID-19 mortality in Australia - in raw numbers, by case fatality and by population. "[87] Rand McNally & Company, an American publisher of maps and atlases, claimed in 1892 that, "Oceania comprises the large island of Australia and the innumerable islands of the Pacific Ocean" and also that the islands of the Malay archipelago "should be grouped in with Asia. They were named by Krusenstern, after English explorer John Marshall, who visited them together with Thomas Gilbert in 1788, en route from Botany Bay to Canton (two ships of the First Fleet). Tuvaluan, Samoan, I-Kiribati (on the island of Nui) Vanuatu. Some of the most visited countries in Oceania are the following: Australia. The states of Hong Kong and Malaysia, located in both mainland Asia and marginal seas of the Pacific, are also excluded, as is the nation of Brunei, which shares the island of Borneo with Indonesia and Malaysia. Global Rank: Position held by Oceania in the list of all regions worldwide ranked by population (from the highest population to the lowest population) as of July 1 of the year indicated. These adaptations are common in species from the large and well-known families Proteaceae (Banksia), Myrtaceae (Eucalyptus gum trees), and Fabaceae (Acacia wattle). In 2010, Australian historian Bronwen Douglas claimed in The Journal of Pacific History that "a strong case could be made for extending Oceania to at least Taiwan, the homeland of the Austronesian language family whose speakers colonized significant parts of the region about 6,000 years ago. [67] It is used in statistical reports, by the International Olympic Committee, and by many atlases. [370], Tourism in New Zealand contributes NZ$7.3 billion (or 4%) of the country's GDP in 2013, as well as directly supporting 110,800 full-time equivalent jobs (nearly 6% of New Zealand's workforce). [336] Puerto Rican immigration to Hawaii began in 1899 when Puerto Rico's sugar industry was devastated by two hurricanes, causing a worldwide shortage of sugar and a huge demand for sugar from Hawaii. Although these regions, as well as the large East Asian islands of Taiwan, Hainan and the Japanese archipelago, have varying degrees of cultural connections. Trend toward larger states A. The Refaluwasch or Carolinian people came to the Marianas in the 1800s from the Caroline Islands. Population: 23,232,413 Capital: Canberra Even though the continent of Australia has the most species of marsupials, they originated in South America, back when the continents were the landmass of Gondwana. The Pitcairn reed warbler, endemic to Pitcairn Island, was added to the endangered species list in 2008. [461][462] They have hosted two Summer Olympics: Melbourne 1956 and Sydney 2000, and the city of Brisbane is also set to host the 2032 edition. [135] The Stockholm Journal of East Asian Studies stated in 1996 that Oceania was defined as Australia and an ensemble of various Pacific Islands, "particularly those in the central and south Pacific [but] never those in the extreme north, for example the Aleutian chain. Oceania, in its most restricted meaning, includes more than 10,000 islands, with a total land area (excluding Australia but including Papua New Guinea and New Zealand) of approximately 317,700 square miles (822,800 square km). The information shown follows sources in cross-referenced articles; where sources differ, provisos have been clearly indicated. Fiji's Head of State is the President. Australian forces attacked German New Guinea in September 1914. Oceania (UK: / o s i n i , o i-,- e n-/, US: / o i n i / (), /- n-/) is a geographical region that is described as a continent in some parts of the world. Urban population has increased from 21,936,910 (70.1%) in 2000 to 31,011,800 (70.5%) in the current year. Between c. 3000 and 1000 BCE, speakers of Austronesian languages began spreading from Taiwan into Island South-East Asia,[200][201][202] as tribes whose natives were thought to have arrived through South China c. 8,000 years ago to the edges of western Micronesia and on into Melanesia. "[143] In his 1993 book A New Oceania: Rediscovering Our Sea of Islands, New Guinea-born Fijian scholar Epeli Hauofa wrote that, "Pacific Ocean islands from Japan, through the Philippines and Indonesia, which are adjacent to the Asian mainland, do not have oceanic cultures, and are therefore not part of Oceania. Some of the most prominent Oceanic battlegrounds were the Battle of Bita Paka, the Solomon Islands campaign, the Air raids on Darwin, the Kokada Track, and the Borneo campaign. [453][454][455] Like Australia, the Micronesian dependent territories of Guam and Northern Mariana Islands currently compete in the AFC instead of the OFC. The smallest and least populous dependency in Oceania is the New Zealand-controlled island of Tokelau, which has a land area of just 10 km 2, and a population of just over 1,300. The most popular usage delimits Oceania further by eliminating Indonesia, Taiwan, and the Philippines, because the peoples and cultures of those islands are more closely related historically to the Asian mainland. [290] The lowest temperature ever recorded in Oceania was 25.6C (14.1F), at Ranfurly in Otago in 1903, with a more recent temperature of 21.6C (6.9F) recorded in 1995 in nearby Ophir. For all other years: latest year annual percentage change equivalent assuming homogeneous change in the preceding five year period, calculated through reverse compounding. Willem Janszoon, made the first completely documented European landing in Australia (1606), in Cape York Peninsula. . The Oceania is the continent least populated in the world, with a population density of 5hab./km. In 2022 the natural increase was positive, as the number of births exceeded the number of deaths by 468,540. The population of Australia in 2022 was 26,177,413, a 0.99% increase from 2021. [221], The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters,[222][223] was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of 7 December 1941. [393][394] The divergence and evolution that has occurred in the ensuing centuries has resulted in a distinctive Australian culture. Oceania has a diverse mix of economies from the highly developed and globally competitive financial markets of Australia, French Polynesia, Hawaii, New Caledonia, and New Zealand, which rank high in quality of life and Human Development Index,[8][9] to the much less developed economies of Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Western New Guinea,[10] while also including medium-sized economies of Pacific islands such as Fiji, Palau, and Tonga. Hawaii's musical contributions to the music of the United States are out of proportion to the state's small size. [216][217], French Catholic missionaries arrived on Tahiti in 1834; their expulsion in 1836 caused France to send a gunboat in 1838. The Magellan-Elcano expedition achieved the first circumnavigation of the world and reached the Philippines, the Mariana Islands, and other islands of Oceania. [197] The prehistories of many Micronesian islands such as Yap are not known very well. 'The Pacific' would not refer to the Pacific Ocean and everything in it e.g., the Philippines. [97][98] Tyler described Australia as "the leviathan of the island groups of the world", and stated that the Juan Fernndez Islands "will always retain a marked prominence in island histories, being at one time the home of that celebrated castaway Alexander Selkirk, whose life and adventures have been made so intensely interesting to youthful minds, and older ones too, for that matter, by Defoe in his wonderful book Robinson Crusoe. The main continental landmass of Oceania is Australia. The number of its inhabitants is approximately 34,300,000 (according to the 2010 census), a figure that is increasing due to the substantial difference in the birth rate (21%) and death rate (9%). [369] Popular Australian destinations include the Sydney Harbour (Sydney Opera House, Sydney Harbour Bridge, Royal Botanic Garden, etc. This is a list of the populations of the sovereign states and dependent territories in the geopolitical region of Oceania. Hong Kong, partly located in another marginal sea of the Pacific (the South China Sea) was also included in his definition. Fishing provides a major industry for many of the smaller nations in the Pacific, although many fishing areas are exploited by other larger countries, namely Japan. Oceania. Oceania. "[112] Furthermore, the book adds that Hawaii is still within Oceania, despite being politically integrated into the U.S., and that the Pacific Ocean "gives unity to the whole" since "all these varied lands emerge from or border upon the Pacific. More answers below Quora User Oceania has traditionally been divided into four parts: Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. [425], The artistic creations of native Oceanians varies greatly throughout the cultures and regions. Australia and New Zealand competed in the games for the first time in 2015. The first migration of Australo-Melanesians took place c. 40 to 80 thousand years ago, and these migrants, Papuans, colonised much of Near Oceania. "[114], In her 1997 book Australia and Oceania, Australian historian Kate Darian-Smith defined the area as covering Australia, New Zealand and the islands of the Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Disagreements between the US, Germany and UK over Samoa led to the Tripartite Convention of 1899. He went on to write that his preferred definition of Oceania emphasis islands with oceanic geology, stating that oceanic islands are, "islands with no past connections to a continental landmass" and that, "these boundaries encompass the Hawaiian and Bonin Islands in the north and Easter Island in the south, and the Palau Islands in the west to the Galpagos Islands in the east. What is the population of Oceania? [208] Moreover, a recent study which included radiocarbon dates from what is thought to be very early material suggests that the island was discovered and settled as recently as 1200.[209]. West Papua was split from Papua province in 2003 but still retain autonomous status, On 7 October 2006, government officials moved their offices in the former capital of, National Gallery of Victoria Victorian Heritage Register. While in other non-English speaking countries Australia and Eurasia are thought of as continents, while Asia, Europe, and Oceania are regarded as "parts of the world". These countries have considerable influence inAsianmarkets . Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Oceania, collective name for the islands scattered throughout most of the Pacific Ocean. Population growth in Australia From 1960 to 2021 the population of Australia increased from 10.28 million to 25.69 million people. [150][151] In terms of marine fauna, Clipperton shares similarities with areas of the Pacific which are much farther removed from the Americas. Lista de correio - Ver mais. Inherent to their remoteness and because of the wide variety of island types, the Pacific Islands have developed unique social, biological and geological characteristics." These industries play a small role in the Hawaiian economy, due to the shipping distance to viable markets, such as the West Coast of the contiguous U.S. "[93] Hutton Webster's 1919 book Medieval and Modern History also considered Oceania to encompass all islands in the Pacific, stating that, "the term Oceania, or Oceanica, in its widest sense applies to all the Pacific Islands." International tourist spending accounted for 16% of New Zealand's export earnings (nearly NZ$10 billion). [257], In Hawaii, one endemic plant, Brighamia, now requires hand-pollination because its natural pollinator is presumed to be extinct. [376][377] There are two major political groups that usually form government, federally and in the states: the Australian Labor Party and the Coalition which is a formal grouping of the Liberal Party and its minor partner, the National Party. 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